Showing
119
question(s) for
UK Class 10
—
Subject:
Biology
Biology
Q1.
What is the basic unit of life?
Answer:
The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life.
Biology
Q2.
What is the function of the nucleus?
Answer:
The nucleus contains genetic material and controls the activities of the cell.
Biology
Q3.
What is the function of mitochondria?
Answer:
Mitochondria are the site of aerobic respiration and release energy for cellular activities.
Biology
Q4.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Answer:
Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis.
Biology
Q5.
What is diffusion?
Answer:
Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Biology
Q6.
What is osmosis?
Answer:
Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules through a partially permeable membrane from a region of higher water concentration to a region of lower water concentration.
Biology
Q7.
What is active transport?
Answer:
Active transport is the movement of substances against a concentration gradient using energy released by respiration.
Biology
Q8.
What is a tissue?
Answer:
A tissue is a group of similar cells working together to perform a particular function.
Biology
Q9.
What is an organ?
Answer:
An organ is a group of different tissues working together to perform a particular function.
Biology
Q10.
What is an organ system?
Answer:
An organ system is a group of organs working together to carry out a major function.
Biology
Q11.
What is an enzyme?
Answer:
An enzyme is a biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions without being used up.
Biology
Q12.
What is the active site of an enzyme?
Answer:
The active site is the region of an enzyme where the substrate binds and the reaction occurs.
Biology
Q13.
How does temperature affect enzyme activity?
Answer:
Increasing temperature generally increases enzyme activity up to an optimum, after which the enzyme may denature and activity decreases.
Biology
Q14.
What is denaturation?
Answer:
Denaturation is a change in an enzyme's structure that alters its active site and prevents the substrate from binding effectively.
Biology
Q15.
What is photosynthesis?
Answer:
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose, releasing oxygen.
Biology
Q16.
Where does photosynthesis take place?
Answer:
Photosynthesis takes place mainly in the chloroplasts of plant cells.
Biology
Q17.
What is chlorophyll?
Answer:
Chlorophyll is the green pigment that absorbs light energy for photosynthesis.
Biology
Q18.
What are the raw materials for photosynthesis?
Answer:
The raw materials are carbon dioxide and water.
Biology
Q19.
What factors can limit the rate of photosynthesis?
Answer:
Light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature can limit the rate of photosynthesis.
Biology
Q20.
What is aerobic respiration?
Answer:
Aerobic respiration is the chemical process that releases energy from glucose using oxygen.
Biology
Q21.
Where does aerobic respiration mainly occur?
Answer:
Aerobic respiration mainly occurs in the mitochondria.
Biology
Q22.
What is anaerobic respiration in humans?
Answer:
Anaerobic respiration in humans releases energy from glucose without oxygen and produces lactic acid.
Biology
Q23.
Why does breathing rate increase during exercise?
Answer:
Breathing rate increases to supply more oxygen and remove more carbon dioxide as the muscles respire faster.
Biology
Q24.
What is the function of red blood cells?
Answer:
Red blood cells transport oxygen around the body using haemoglobin.
Biology
Q25.
What is the function of haemoglobin?
Answer:
Haemoglobin binds with oxygen in red blood cells and transports it around the body.
Biology
Q26.
What is the function of white blood cells?
Answer:
White blood cells defend the body against pathogens.
Biology
Q27.
What is the function of platelets?
Answer:
Platelets help blood clot and prevent excessive blood loss.
Biology
Q28.
What is the function of plasma?
Answer:
Plasma is the liquid part of blood that transports cells and dissolved substances.
Biology
Q29.
What is the function of the heart?
Answer:
The heart pumps blood around the body.
Biology
Q30.
What is double circulation?
Answer:
Double circulation means that blood passes through the heart twice during one complete circuit of the body.
Biology
Q31.
What is the role of arteries?
Answer:
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
Biology
Q32.
What is the role of veins?
Answer:
Veins carry blood towards the heart.
Biology
Q33.
What is the role of capillaries?
Answer:
Capillaries allow substances to exchange between the blood and body tissues.
Biology
Q34.
Why do capillaries have thin walls?
Answer:
Their thin walls provide a short diffusion distance for rapid exchange of substances.
Biology
Q35.
What is the function of the lungs?
Answer:
The lungs are the main organs of gas exchange, allowing oxygen to enter the blood and carbon dioxide to leave it.
Biology
Q36.
What happens in the alveoli?
Answer:
Oxygen diffuses from the air in the alveoli into the blood, while carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveoli.
Biology
Q37.
How are alveoli adapted for gas exchange?
Answer:
They have a large surface area, thin walls, a good blood supply and a moist surface.
Biology
Q38.
What is homeostasis?
Answer:
Homeostasis is the maintenance of a stable internal environment despite changes in external conditions.
Biology
Q39.
What is negative feedback?
Answer:
Negative feedback is a control mechanism in which a change triggers responses that reduce or reverse the original change.
Biology
Q40.
How does the body regulate temperature when it is too hot?
Answer:
The body increases heat loss through processes such as sweating and increased blood flow near the skin.
Biology
Q41.
How does the body respond when it is too cold?
Answer:
The body reduces heat loss and increases heat production through mechanisms such as vasoconstriction and shivering.
Biology
Q42.
What is insulin?
Answer:
Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps reduce blood glucose concentration.
Biology
Q43.
What happens when blood glucose concentration rises?
Answer:
The pancreas releases insulin, causing cells to take up more glucose and the liver to store glucose as glycogen.
Biology
Q44.
What is diabetes?
Answer:
Diabetes is a condition in which blood glucose regulation is impaired.
Biology
Q45.
What is a hormone?
Answer:
A hormone is a chemical messenger released by a gland and transported in the blood to target organs.
Biology
Q46.
What is the nervous system?
Answer:
The nervous system coordinates responses to stimuli using electrical impulses and chemical signals.
Biology
Q47.
What is a reflex action?
Answer:
A reflex action is a rapid, automatic response to a stimulus that helps protect the body.
Biology
Q48.
What is a synapse?
Answer:
A synapse is a junction between two neurons where signals are transmitted using neurotransmitters.
Biology
Q49.
What is a stimulus?
Answer:
A stimulus is a change in the internal or external environment that can be detected by an organism.
Biology
Q50.
What is a receptor?
Answer:
A receptor is a specialised cell or group of cells that detects a stimulus.
Biology
Q51.
What is reproduction?
Answer:
Reproduction is the biological process by which organisms produce offspring.
Biology
Q52.
What is sexual reproduction?
Answer:
Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes and produces genetically varied offspring.
Biology
Q53.
What is asexual reproduction?
Answer:
Asexual reproduction involves one parent and produces genetically similar offspring.
Biology
Q54.
What is a gamete?
Answer:
A gamete is a reproductive cell containing a single set of chromosomes.
Biology
Q55.
What is fertilisation?
Answer:
Fertilisation is the fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.
Biology
Q56.
What is a chromosome?
Answer:
A chromosome is a long DNA molecule associated with proteins and containing genetic information.
Biology
Q57.
What is DNA?
Answer:
DNA is the molecule that carries genetic information in living organisms.
Biology
Q58.
What is a gene?
Answer:
A gene is a section of DNA that contains instructions for a particular characteristic or functional product.
Biology
Q59.
What is an allele?
Answer:
An allele is an alternative version of a gene.
Biology
Q60.
What is a dominant allele?
Answer:
A dominant allele is expressed in the phenotype when at least one copy is present.
Biology
Q61.
What is a recessive allele?
Answer:
A recessive allele is expressed in the phenotype only when two copies are present in a typical simple inheritance pattern.
Biology
Q62.
What is a mutation?
Answer:
A mutation is a change in the DNA base sequence of an organism.
Biology
Q63.
How can mutations affect organisms?
Answer:
Mutations can have no effect, produce harmful effects, or sometimes produce beneficial variations.
Biology
Q64.
What is mitosis?
Answer:
Mitosis is cell division that produces two genetically identical daughter cells with the same chromosome number as the parent cell.
Biology
Q65.
What is meiosis?
Answer:
Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces genetically varied haploid gametes.
Biology
Q66.
Why is meiosis important?
Answer:
Meiosis produces haploid gametes and introduces genetic variation through processes such as independent assortment and recombination.
Biology
Q67.
What is genetic variation?
Answer:
Genetic variation is the difference in genetic characteristics between individuals of the same species.
Biology
Q68.
What is natural selection?
Answer:
Natural selection is the process in which individuals with advantageous inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce.
Biology
Q69.
What is evolution?
Answer:
Evolution is the change in inherited characteristics of populations over generations.
Biology
Q70.
What is adaptation?
Answer:
An adaptation is an inherited feature that improves an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment.
Biology
Q71.
What is a species?
Answer:
A species is a group of organisms that can reproduce with one another to produce fertile offspring.
Biology
Q72.
What is biodiversity?
Answer:
Biodiversity is the variety of different species and living organisms within an ecosystem or on Earth.
Biology
Q73.
What is an ecosystem?
Answer:
An ecosystem consists of a community of organisms interacting with each other and with their physical environment.
Biology
Q74.
What is a food chain?
Answer:
A food chain shows the transfer of energy and biomass from one organism to another through feeding.
Biology
Q75.
What is a producer?
Answer:
A producer is an organism that makes its own organic food, usually through photosynthesis.
Biology
Q76.
What is a consumer?
Answer:
A consumer is an organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms.
Biology
Q77.
What is a decomposer?
Answer:
A decomposer breaks down dead organic material and releases nutrients back into the ecosystem.
Biology
Q78.
Why does energy decrease along a food chain?
Answer:
Energy is lost through respiration, movement, heat and waste, so less energy is available at higher trophic levels.
Biology
Q79.
What is a trophic level?
Answer:
A trophic level is a feeding position occupied by an organism in a food chain or food web.
Biology
Q80.
What is a food web?
Answer:
A food web shows how several interconnected food chains operate within an ecosystem.
Biology
Q81.
What is a pathogen?
Answer:
A pathogen is a microorganism or biological agent that can cause disease.
Biology
Q82.
What are bacteria?
Answer:
Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that can be beneficial, harmless or pathogenic.
Biology
Q83.
What are viruses?
Answer:
Viruses are infectious particles that reproduce inside living cells using the host cell's machinery.
Biology
Q84.
How does vaccination protect against disease?
Answer:
Vaccination exposes the immune system to antigens so that it can develop memory cells and respond rapidly to the pathogen later.
Biology
Q85.
What are antibodies?
Answer:
Antibodies are proteins produced by immune cells that bind specifically to antigens.
Biology
Q86.
What are antibiotics?
Answer:
Antibiotics are medicines used to treat bacterial infections by killing bacteria or preventing their growth.
Biology
Q87.
Why do antibiotics not normally work against viruses?
Answer:
Antibiotics target structures or processes found in bacteria, which viruses do not possess in the same way.
Biology
Q88.
What is antibiotic resistance?
Answer:
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria evolve characteristics that allow them to survive treatment with antibiotics.
Biology
Q89.
What is selective breeding?
Answer:
Selective breeding is the process of choosing parents with desirable characteristics and breeding them to increase those characteristics in offspring.
Biology
Q90.
What is genetic engineering?
Answer:
Genetic engineering involves changing an organism's genetic material by inserting, removing or altering genes.
Biology
Q91.
What is cloning?
Answer:
Cloning is the production of genetically identical cells or organisms from a single original source.
Biology
Q92.
What is a stem cell?
Answer:
A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell that can divide and develop into specialised cell types.
Biology
Q93.
What is transpiration?
Answer:
Transpiration is the loss of water vapour from plant leaves, mainly through stomata.
Biology
Q94.
What is the function of xylem?
Answer:
Xylem transports water and mineral ions from the roots to the rest of the plant.
Biology
Q95.
What is the function of phloem?
Answer:
Phloem transports dissolved sugars and other organic substances around the plant.
Biology
Q96.
What are stomata?
Answer:
Stomata are small pores in plant leaves that allow gas exchange and control water loss.
Biology
Q97.
What is pollination?
Answer:
Pollination is the transfer of pollen from the anther to the stigma of a flower.
Biology
Q98.
What is fertilisation in flowering plants?
Answer:
Fertilisation occurs when the male gamete from pollen fuses with the female gamete in the ovule.
Biology
Q99.
What is a reflex arc?
Answer:
A reflex arc is the pathway followed by nerve impulses during a reflex response, involving a receptor, sensory neuron, relay neuron and motor neuron.
Biology
Q100.
How do muscles cause movement?
Answer:
Muscles contract and relax, often working in antagonistic pairs, to move bones at joints.
Biology
Q101.
What is a synovial joint?
Answer:
A synovial joint is a freely movable joint containing structures such as cartilage, synovial fluid and ligaments.
Biology
Q102.
Why is cartilage present at the ends of bones in joints?
Answer:
Cartilage reduces friction and absorbs shock between the bones.
Biology
Q103.
What is a balanced diet?
Answer:
A balanced diet provides the correct amounts of nutrients and energy needed for health and normal body functions.
Biology
Q104.
Why is glucose important to cells?
Answer:
Glucose is an important respiratory substrate that can be broken down to release energy.
Biology
Q105.
What is the role of bile in digestion?
Answer:
Bile neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats, increasing the surface area available for lipase action.
Biology
Q106.
What is the function of the small intestine?
Answer:
The small intestine completes digestion and absorbs soluble products of digestion into the blood.
Biology
Q107.
How is the small intestine adapted for absorption?
Answer:
It has many villi and microvilli, providing a large surface area, with thin walls and a good blood supply.
Biology
Q108.
What is excretion?
Answer:
Excretion is the removal of metabolic waste products and substances present in excess from the body.
Biology
Q109.
What is the main function of the kidneys?
Answer:
The kidneys filter the blood, remove nitrogenous waste and help regulate water and ion levels.
Biology
Q110.
What is selective reabsorption?
Answer:
Selective reabsorption is the process by which useful substances such as glucose, ions and appropriate amounts of water are returned from the kidney tubule to the blood.
Biology
Q111.
What is the role of ADH?
Answer:
ADH increases the permeability of kidney collecting ducts to water, helping the body conserve water.
Biology
Q112.
What is the role of the placenta?
Answer:
The placenta allows exchange of oxygen, nutrients and waste products between the mother and developing fetus without direct mixing of their blood.
Biology
Q113.
What is puberty?
Answer:
Puberty is the period when hormonal changes lead to sexual maturity and the development of secondary sexual characteristics.
Biology
Q114.
What is the menstrual cycle?
Answer:
The menstrual cycle is a recurring sequence of hormonal and reproductive changes preparing the female reproductive system for possible pregnancy.
Biology
Q115.
What is ovulation?
Answer:
Ovulation is the release of a mature egg cell from an ovary.
Biology
Q116.
What is implantation?
Answer:
Implantation is the attachment of an early embryo to the lining of the uterus.
Biology
Q117.
Why is genetic variation important for natural selection?
Answer:
Genetic variation provides differences between individuals, allowing natural selection to favour inherited characteristics that improve survival and reproduction.
Biology
Q118.
How can human activities reduce biodiversity?
Answer:
Activities such as habitat destruction, pollution, overfishing, deforestation and climate change can reduce biodiversity.
Biology
Q119.
What is conservation?
Answer:
Conservation is the protection and management of species, habitats and natural resources to maintain biodiversity.